Condenser tubes are specifically designed to efficiently condense process fluid off of the outside of the tube. This application is widespread in heat exchangers, from being part of a condenser and evaporator refrigeration cycle in a chiller, to condensing steam in surface condensers, and everything in between. These tubes are commonly manufactured with an O.D. of 5/8″, 3/4″, and 1″. Some applications, particularly ammonia chillers, use larger O.D. tubes than these. Condenser tubes can also be internally and externally enhanced to further increase their efficiency.

Stainless steel 304(SS304) is the most basic stainless steel known as 18-8 grade with higher chromium and low carbon content. The low carbon content restricts carbide precipitation during welding as well as minimizes its susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. Stainless steel 304L(SS304L) is an extra low-carbon variation of SS304 with a 0.03% maximum carbon content that eliminates carbide precipitation due to welding. Both SS304 and SS304L have excellent resistance to a wide range of atmospheric, chemical and petrochemical, and food industry corrosions. Usually, they can be used in applications with the maximum temperature of 1650°F[900°C] exhibiting good oxidation resistance.

304L alloy’s lower carbon content helps minimize/eliminate carbide precipitation during the welding process. This allows 304L stainless steel to be used in the “as-welded” state, even in severe corrosive environments.

If you were to use standard 304 stainless in the same way, it would degrade much faster at the weld joints.

Basically, using 304L eliminates the need to anneal weld joints prior to using the completed metal form—saving time and effort.

In practice, both 304 and 304L can be used for many of the same applications. The differences are often minor enough that one isn’t considered massively more useful over the other. When stronger corrosion resistance is needed, other alloys, such as grade 316 stainless steel, are usually considered as an alternative.

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